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  • Language Family: Creoles and Pidgins
  • Topic #1: Language Planning
  • Topic #2: Sociolinguistics
Truly Nigerian? Reassessing the question of English nativization in Nig Truly Nigerian? Reassessing the question of English nativization in Nigeria

The set of historical events that brought English to Nigeria was an unflattering one. As a language, English for decades evolved as the nexus of the British colonial investment in West Africa. Colonialism ended in this region of Africa close to half a century ago; yet the social role of English has since remained unchanged. If anything, in Nigeria, this role has been bolstered through political legislations ingrained in the nation’s educational policy (1977) and the constitutions (1979, 1999) that accorded this language along with selected national languages an official status in all public sectors. The rise of English in the country through legislative intervention has prompted serious academic debates with comprehensive conceptual dimensions to them; but the concern of this work is a debate of a different kind. This debate was triggered by the simple theory that assigned a distinctive identity and native credentials to the variety of English spoken in Nigeria. It has, over the years, created two conflicting paradigms: nativist (Odumuh, 1984, 1993, Adekunle 1985, Emenanjo 1988, Kachru 1997) and maladaptivist (Tomori 1967, Banjo 1969, Vincent 1974, Mufwene 2000). As this debate diverged into these two paradigms, more questions than answers evolved vis-à-vis the actual socio-cultural status of the Nigerian English. Working with simple attitude-based empirical data, government language policy and student educational performance records, exposed is the serious conceptual anomaly in the theory that lends national credence to the popular English usage in Nigeria. This usage is only a part of a more complex language equation in a country still burdened by its colonial past and the language management choices this past continues to dictate.

La série d'événements qui a introduit l'anglais au Nigeria n'a guère été flatteuse. En tant que langue, durant des décennies l'anglais a évolué comme noyau de l'investissement colonial britannique en Afrique Occidentale. Il y a près d'un demi-siècle que le colonialisme a pris fin dans cette partie de l'Afrique,et cependant le rôle social de l'anglais reste inchangé depuis. On peut même dire qu'au Nigéria ce rôle a été renforcé par des mesures de legislation politique qui imprègnent la politique nationale de l'enseignement (1977) et les constitutions (1979, 1999), lesquelles accordent à cette langue ainsi qu'à certaines langues nationales un statut officiel dans tout secteur publique.
L'essor de l'anglais dans le pays à la suite de ces interventions législatives, a donné lieu à des débats académiques sérieux ayant des dimensions conceptuelles importantes, mais la présente étude s'intéresse à un autre ordre de débat. Ce débat fut amorcé par la simple théorie qui dota la variante d'anglais parlée au Nigéria d'une identité distinctive, et d'un caractère national. Au fil des années il se sont créés deux paradigmes en conflit: nativiste (Odumuh 1984,1993, Adekunle 1985, Emenanjo 1988, Kachru 1997), d'une part, et maladaptiviste (Tomori 1967, Banjo 1969, Vincent 1974 et Mufwene 2000), d'autre part.
À mesure que ce débat fit naître ces deux paradigmes divergents, il suscita plus de questions que de réponses vis-à-vis le vrai statut socio-culturel de l'anglais nigérian. Un examen des simples données empiriques subjectives, de la politique linguistique du gouvernement, et des archives de la performance de l'enseignement, révèle l'anomalie conceptuelle sérieuse au sein de la théorie qui sert à justifier au plan national l'opinion populaire de l'usage de l'anglais au Nigéria. Usage qui n'est qu'une composante d'une équation linguistique plus complexe dans un pays qui continue à sentir le fardeau de son passé colonial et des choix que ce passé continue à dicter quant au management des langues.

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Created 2015-Feb-13
Changed 2015-Feb-20
Size 330.02 KB
Author Olaoba Arasanyin
Created by Hasiyatu Abubakari
Changed by Hasiyatu Abubakari
Downloads 1,344
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