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- Topic #1: Language Planning
- Topic #2: Sociolinguistics
Peu d’études ont été menées sur l’oral des langues maternelles dans l’éducation scolaire au Cameroun. Les rares travaux y relatifs ont le mérite d’avoir démontré que les langues camerounaises étaient d’une très haute valeur pédagogique, qu’elles pouvaient être utilisées comme langues d’enseignement à l’école et que leur usage méritait d’être systématisé aux fins d’une généralisation de la pratique à l’école primaire. Cependant, en les limitant à la simple dimension de médium, les chercheurs camerounais les ont confinées dans un statut de “béquilles” qui, quoique susceptible de faciliter l’acquisition des connaissances, servirait plus les intérêts des langues officielles que ceux des langues nationales et, pire encore, ne garantirait en rien leur apprentissage effectif par les élèves. Sur la base d’une nouvelle perspective esquissée par Gfeller (2000) et partant des silences des travaux antérieurs, la présente étude envisage les langues camerounaises orales comme objet d’étude à part entière à travers des orientations claires et une didactique précise.
To date, few studies have been carried out on spoken mother tongues in the Cameroon educational system. These works have demonstrated that Cameroon languages were of a very high pedagogical value, that they could be used as languages of instruction, and that it would be good to systematize their use with a view to generalizing their use at primary level. Yet, by limiting them to being a mere medium if instruction, Cameroon scholars have reduced them to the status of 'crutches' which, while helpful in enhancing the acquisition of knowledge, would be more advantageous to the official languages than to the national ones, and, what is worse, would in no way guarantee that pupils would be taught them effectively. On the basis of a new perspective proposed by Gfeller (2000), and departing from the silence of previous works, the present study envisages the oral languages of Cameroon as a fully fledged subject benefiting from clear orientation and precise teaching methods.