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  • Language Family: Kwa
  • Topic #1: Numerals
  • Topic #2: Syntax
Numeral compounding in Akan (Twi): a multi-tiered acc Numeral compounding in Akan (Twi): a multi-tiered account

This paper set out to account for the morphophonological processes involved in the formation of numbers 20 to 90, and 200 to 900 in Asante and Akyem Twi. It defines the morphemic constituents of these compounds as: Modifier1 + Head + Modifier2, with the translation “two, tens” for ‘20’ for example. Phonologically, it cites harmonic processes (namely, [+Low] and [+Round]), deletion, Compensatory lengthening (CL) and tone harmony as the processes that apply at the root-root boundary (in the domain […vÛ1.+vÝ2.N…]) to achieve phonotactic and/or prosodic well-formedness, and thus, form a numeral compound. These processes apply in the order in which they have been presented, and result in the complementary distribution of, [vÝ2], and the toneless homorganic [N], both of which are non-contrastive. Processes such as [+Low], [+Round] harmony and CL, which apply to stabilize [vÝ2] and then create a non-high non-front syllabic [vÝ2] result in [N] deletion; [N] is retained where these well-formedness processes do not apply and the [vÝ2] syllable undergoes deletion. The circumstance under which [N] is dropped provides a great insight into Twi linguistics by explaining the non-occurrence of the sound in numbers 6, 7, 8 and 9 in Akuapem Twi where the vowel before the /N/ slot is /a/, the low central vowel. The paper has shown that Asante and Akyem Twi operate [+Low] harmony which ranks before [+Round] harmony; and has made a case for the loss of an /e/ (of /vÝ2/) prior to [+ATR] spread to a preceding /a/. Root boundary units harmonize in tone with Low tone harmony overriding High tone harmony.

Cette communication vise à expliquer les procédés morphophonologiques concernés dans la formation des nombres de 20 à 90 et de 200 à 900 en asante et en twi d'akyem.  Elle définit les composantes morphémiques de ces expressions comme Qualificateur1 + Tête + Qualificateur², qui se traduit par, p.ex., 'deux dizaines' pour 20.  Pour la phonologie elle cite les procédés harmoniques [+Bas], et [+Rond], l'effacement, le prolongement compensatoire et l'harmonie tonale comme ceux qui jouent à la joncture racine-racine (dans le domaine [vU1. + vY².N...]) pour arriver à un état phonotactiquement et/ou prosodiquement bien formé, et ainsi former un numéro composé.  Ces procédés s'appliquent dans l'ordre où ils sont présentés, et ont comme résultat la distribution complémentaire de .[vY²]. et de la nasale homorganique atone [N], qui sont tous deux non-contrastifs.

Des procédés tels que l'harmonie [+Bas].[+Rond] et le prolongement compensatoire que l'on applique pour stabiliser [vY²], puis créer un [vY²] syllabique non-bas et non-antérieur, ont comme résultat la délétion de [N];  [N] subsiste là où ces procédés ne s'appliquent pas, et c'est alors [vY²] qui s'efface.  La situation où s'efface [N] éclaircit un aspect de la linguistique twi, en expliquant l'absence de ce son dans les nombres 6,7,8 et 9 dans le twi d'akwapem où la voyelle devant la place de /N/ est /a/, la voyelle centrale basse.  Notre étude a démontré que l'asante et le twi d'akyem opèrent une harmonie [+Bas] qui s'applique avant l'harmonie [+Rond], et a proposé qu'un /e/ (ou [vY²]) se perd avant que [+ATR] n'atteigne un /a/ précédant.  Les éléments aux jonctures des racines sont sujets à une harmonie tonale,celle du ton Bas ayant la priorité sur celle du ton Haut.

Data
Created 2015-Apr-13
Changed 2015-Apr-13
Size 492.86 KB
Author Seth Antwi Ofori
Created by Hasiyatu Abubakari
Downloads 1,849
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