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- Language Family: Other Benue-Congo
- Topic #1: Focus
- Topic #2: Discourse
In-Situ and Ex-Situ Focusing in Tiv
This study examines in-situ and ex-situ focus strategies in Tiv, identifying the key categories or particles in each of the focus strategies. It further investigates if there is a relationship between focus position and correction in Tiv. The results reveal that in-situ focus strategy in Tiv is achieved by tone expansion, while in ex-situ focus in Tiv is marked by the Focus particle ká and the emphasis particle yé which play complementary roles in the derivation. In-situ focusing is the more frequently used strategy due to two reasons: (i) it does not require formal processes such as nominalization for a constituent to be focused; (ii) it is not morphologically and/or syntactically marked. Regarding the relationship between focus positions and correction in Tiv, there is no one-to-one correspondence between a particular focus strategy in Tiv and correction. Subject arguments cannot be corrected with in-situ focus the correlation. This paper however, recommends that the interaction between tone and stress in in-situ focus strategy be considered in further research.