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- Language Family: Gur
- Topic #1: Sociolinguistics
In this paper, I provide a preliminary discussion of body-part terms in a scarcely researched Mabia (or Gur) language known as Likpakpaln (Konkomba). Likpakpaln is often traditionally associated with the Northern Region of Ghana, although it significantly spreads beyond that region. The analysis is from a descriptive point of view and dwells on a multi-source corpus through a triangulation of oral texts, observation, the semi-structured interview and direct elicitation. Where necessary, I also employ cognitive linguistic notions to explicate phenomena. The study covers the Bikpakpaam (native speakers of Likpakpaln) concept of the human being and the morphological characterisation of body-part terms as a basic category. Structurally, the lexicalisation of body-part terms into other derived expressions is also considered. The semantics and pragmatics of the lexicalised target domains are equally discussed. Analysis of data reveals embedded cultural models in the Bikpakpaam concept of the human being. The morphological patterns of body-part words are also observed to be congruent with those of prototypical nouns in the language. These body-part nouns are not inherently inalienable, since they have to be deliberately marked for possession. Furthermore, the data shows that body-part terms constitute a productive lexical domain. The operationalisation of body-part nouns in the grammatical system of Likpakpaln follows a lexicalisation process that mainly results in relatively more complex expressions that denote concepts as emotions, predispositions, affective states of being, character traits and other abstract concepts such as hope, distress and haughtiness among others. The semantic shift from the original concrete meaning of the body-part noun to a more abstract concept in the output expression is a trace of desemanticisation. Finally, I argue that an appropriate understanding and interpretation of a body-part derived expression is heavily reliant on the pragmatic context and knowledge of the cultural models of the Likpakpaln native speakers.